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A brazier and a woman (photo by Wada Nyoei,Imado,Asakusa)

A brazier and a woman (photo by Wada Nyoei,Imado,Asakusa)

The woman has her hair in marumage style with a peony-shaped comb and seems to be wearing a black satin coat bearing her family crest. Her facial expression has the richness and depth of an older woman. A sense of warmth exudes from her shoulder line. This is a the posture of a wife of the merchant class.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number96‐24‐0]

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Women having tea

Women having tea

Three women drink tea at a tea table. A byobu screen and arranged flowers are placed in the background. Each woman is formally dressed in a haori coat with a family crest. The period is uncertain. Their hair is arranged in the marumage style for married women.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number91‐33‐0]

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Geisha holding pipes

Geisha holding pipes

Two geisha wear their hair in marumage style with kanzashi hairpins. This is a room on the second floor of a house, with a chest of drawers on the right. The geisha on the left is holding a long tobacco pipe. A tobacco tray is placed at her knee, and a shamisen lute is leaning on the handrail. The background scene is a painting on a studio curtain. The carpet on the floor is also a prop.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number90‐19‐0]

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A family at a party

A family at a party

A farming family participates in a studio photograph. A mat is spread on the floor and farming tools are placed against the wall on the left. The man on the left is playing a shamisen lute. Next to him is the mother holding a baby and next to her is the father-in-law. The woman in the middle might be a neighbor who is skilled at entertainment. Her hair is in marumage style with floral hairpins, and she is wearing a half sleeved kimono. Next to her are the granddaughter, mother in-law, grandson and father. The photograph reveals the customs of the mid to late Meiji Period.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number90‐13‐0]

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Women enjoying the cool evening

Women enjoying the cool evening

Books (perhaps story books or Noh song books) lie on the tatami and on the knees of a woman with a marumage hairstyle. The woman lying on the tatami seems to have just come out of the bath. A fire vase and ash blower are seen on a tobacco tray. The reed screen and fan exude a feeling of summer.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number89‐8‐0]

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Awase-kagami (a double-reflecting method)

Awase-kagami (a double-reflecting method)

A woman is examining her hair with a set of awasekagami mirrors. Her hair is in marumage style, indicating that she is married. Each mirror is different in size. They piled together when not in use. A long brazier and a make-up box are visible on the right and left.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:R. Stillfried, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number78‐72‐0]

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Women relaxing on a veranda

Women relaxing on a veranda

Four geisha are relaxing on the engawa porch of a guest room with windows, looking at the garden. The woman on the left has her hair arranged in marumage style with floral hairpins and her striped sash tied in chidori-musubi fashion. She is holding a shamisen lute. The slightly elderly woman next to her is wearing black lacquer clogs with high supports. Next to her is an apprentice geisha, and the woman on the far right wears a brightly coloured kimono. A reed chair is visible on the right. Taken in the late Meiji or Taisho Period.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:R. Stillfried, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number77‐49‐0]

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A woman holding a pipe

A woman holding a pipe

A woman relaxing at a brazier holds a long tobacco pipe. She is wearing a black collared kimono made of relatively thick fabric. Her sash is tied in chidori-musubi style. Her hair is arranged in simplified marumage style.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:R. Stillfried, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number76‐15‐0]

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A woman enjoying the cool evening

A woman enjoying the cool evening

A woman is enjoying the cool air. She has her hair in the marumage style that distinguished married women. The uchiwa fan in front and the nandina flowers in the garden indicate that the season is early summer.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number71‐63‐0]

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A girl with hair ornaments

A girl with hair ornaments

The woman has her hair arranged in warikarako style (like marumage for married women), with floral hairpins, kogai pins and karako-chirimen crepe on the head. She is wearing a furisode kimono, and the collar of her undergarment is revealed to a considerable degree. This is a stereograph taken in Nagasaki by Wilhelm Burger.==Date:unknown, Place:Nagasaki, Photo:Wilhelm Burger, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number70‐25‐0]

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A woman seen from the rear

A woman seen from the rear

This photograph was probably taken for the same purpose as #2173. The hair seems o be arranged in marumage or married woman's style. The kimono has a bold design, and the sash made from Hakata textile is sagging fashionably.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number69‐35‐0]

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Playing battledore

Playing battledore

This is a typical New Year scene. A shimenawa straw rope is hanging and girls are enjoying a game of battledore and shuttlecock while another girl is bouncing a ball. The girl on the right has her hair arranged in shimada-fuwarikarako style while the ones on the left and middle have theirs in marumage and warikarako-mage styles. This is a studio photograph.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number61‐9‐0]

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Women sitting on chairs

Women sitting on chairs

Two women wear wooden clogs with high supports. Both appear to be older geisha with hair arranged in inase-fu marumage style. They are sitting on chairs and wear kimono with black collars and haori coats. On the left, two umbrellas are leaning against the candle stand. Mt. Fuji is painted on the curtain hanging behind, and a European carpet is spread on the floor. This is a studio photograph.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number55‐24‐6]

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A woman smoking at a teahouse

A woman smoking at a teahouse

The woman on the bench has her hair arranged in marumage style. She is wearing a lined kimono with a taiko (drum sash. The woman working in the tea house wears an apron and has her kimono sleeves tied up. A tobacco tray is placed on the bench, and a reed screen is leaning against the shop for shade. Mt. Fuji is visible across the sea.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number51‐167‐0]

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Well-dressed girls holding battledores and balls

Well-dressed girls holding battledores and balls

People dressed up in New Year's kimono pose for a photograph holding battledores and kemari balls. The girls in the back row have hair arranged in marumage style with floral pins, while the ones in the front row have theirs in chigo-mage style, the style for baby girls.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number51‐147‐0]

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Girls playing battledore

Girls playing battledore

Two women enjoy a game of battledore and shuttlecock. Both are dressed in decorated kimono and white tabi socks. The young woman on the left has her hair arranged in marumage style with floral pins, while the one on the right has hers in gin'nangaeshi style. This is a studio photograph probably taken at the end of the Meiji Period.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number51‐144‐0]

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A girl making herself up

A girl making herself up

A half-naked woman is applying make-up in front of a dressing table while another woman holds a tobacco pipe. In front of the woman on the left is a tobacco tray, and a shamisen lute is lying nearby. Both women have their hair arranged in marumage style. They seem to be young geisha. This is a studio photograph.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number50‐32‐0]

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Hairdos of two woman seen from the back

Hairdos of two woman seen from the back

Meek, smart, beautiful and adoring young women. The juroku-shimada and shimada were hairstyles for unmarried women. After marrying, women shifted to marumage or rounded hair. These young women are shy but exude dignity and elegance.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number50‐23‐0]

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An old man and girls playing go

An old man and girls playing go

An elderly man in a haori coat is enjoying a game of go with young women in this portrayal of everyday life. He is patting his forehead playfully and acknowledging defeat. The two women have their hair arranged in marumage style. The setting is in a zashiki guest room. Confectionaries are on a tray in front. Taken in the mid-Meiji Period.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number50‐3‐0]

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A woman holding a pipe

A woman holding a pipe

A woman with a tobacco pipe and a girl are in a small room. The woman, who wears her hair in marumage style, might be a geisha. She wears a vertically striped kimono with a black collar and a sash tied in shimabara-musubi style. A flower vase and a tray with a sake set are lying near her knees. The girl touching the paper sliding window may be an apprentice geisha. She is wearing a vertically striped furisode kimono.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number49‐37‐0]

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Hairdressing

Hairdressing

A girl is getting her hair done in front of a mirror. Her kimono has been adjusted to fit by pinching the shoulder sections. The woman on the left has her hair arranged in marumage style, which was common at the time. She is wearing a black satin collar cover over a brightly coloured under-collar.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number49‐39‐0]

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Women reading books

Women reading books

The women are reading books by a brazier. Their hair is arranged in the marumage style favoured by married women. A screen illustrated with cranes is in the rear.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number49‐31‐0]

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Women enjoying the cool evening

Women enjoying the cool evening

Books (perhaps story books or Noh song books) lie on the tatami and on the knees of a woman with a marumage hairstyle. The woman lying on the tatami seems to have just come out of the bath. A fire vase and ash blower are seen on a tobacco tray. The reed screen and fan exude a feeling of summer.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:unknown, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number49‐11‐0]

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A mother carrying her child on her back

A mother carrying her child on her back

Caption reads Mother and child in English and German.Her hair done in marumage style, the mother wears a kimono, high-heeled sandals,and the child she carries holds a denden daiko toy.This is a dramatized photo of a Japanese mother taking care of her child.==Date:unknown, Place:unknown, Photo:Kusakabe Kinbei, (Credit:Nagasaki University Library/Kyodo News Images) [Cabinet Number1‐12‐0]

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